2020年7月4日 星期六

《與「分別比較」為伴.下》

葡萄園的園主清早到墟市請工人採摘葡萄,協議一天工作的工資是一個銀幣,於是請了一幫工人到園裡作採摘果子工作,之後發覺不夠人手,再到墟市請工人,就那樣三次請得工人,並講明完成一天的工資亦是一個銀幣,到晚上時候,較遲來的兩批工人拿了他們應得的工資滿意地離開,最早來的第一批工人很不服氣,他們認為工作時間比後一批的工人長很多,但工資卻一樣,園主對他們說,早前我經已和你們講清楚,從清早到晚間的工作,工資是一個銀幣,你們卻看見別人和自己待遇的不同而不滿,那為什麼你們早前又答應呀?以上是《新約聖經》馬太福音第二十章的一則寓言故事。

 20:1 [hb5]       因為天國好像家主、清早去雇 人、進他的葡萄園作工

     [kjv]         For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard.

     [bbe]       For the kingdom of heaven is like the master of a house, who went out early in the morning to get workers into his vine-garden.

20:2 [hb5]       和工人講定、一天一錢銀子、就打發他們進葡萄園去。

     [kjv]         And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard.

     [bbe]       And when he had made an agreement with the workmen for a penny a day, he sent them into his vine-garden.

20:3 [hb5]       約在巳初出去、看見市上還有閒站的人.

     [kjv]         And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace,

     [bbe]       And he went out about the third hour, and saw others in the market-place doing nothing;

20:4 [hb5]       就對他們說、你們也進葡萄園去、所當給的、我必給你們.他們也進去了。

     [kjv]         And said unto them; Go ye also into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right I will give you. And they went their way.

     [bbe]       And he said to them, Go into the vine-garden with the others, and whatever is right I will give you. And they went to work.

20:5 [hb5]       約在午正和申初又出去、也是這樣行。

     [kjv]         Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour, and did likewise.

     [bbe]       Again he went out about the sixth and the ninth hour, and did the same.

20:6 [hb5]       約在酉初出去、看見還有人站在那裡.就問他們說、你們為甚麼整天在這裡閒站呢

     [kjv]         And about the eleventh hour he went out, and found others standing idle, and saith unto them, Why stand ye here all the day idle?

     [bbe]       And about the eleventh hour he went out and saw others doing nothing; and he says to them, Why are you here all the day doing nothing?

20:7 [hb5]       他們說、因為沒有人雇我們.他說、你們也進葡萄園去。

     [kjv]         They say unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive.

     [bbe]       They say to him, Because no man has given us work. He says to them, Go in with the rest, into the vine-garden.

20:8 [hb5]       到了晚上、園主對管事的說、叫工人都來、給他們工錢、從後來的起、到先來的為止。

     [kjv]         So when even was come, the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward, Call the labourers, and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first.

     [bbe]       And when evening came, the lord of the vine-garden said to his manager, Let the workers come, and give them their payment, from the last to the first.

20:9 [hb5]       約在酉初雇的人來了、各人得了一錢銀子。

     [kjv]         And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny.

     [bbe]       And when those men came who had gone to work at the eleventh hour, they were given every man a penny.

20:10        [hb5]       及至那先雇的來了、他們以為必要多得.誰知也是各得一錢

     [kjv]         But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more; and they likewise received every man a penny.

     [bbe]       Then those who came first had the idea that they would get more; and they, like the rest, were given a penny.

20:11        [hb5]       他們得了、就埋怨家主說

     [kjv]         And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house,

     [bbe]       And when they got it, they made a protest against the master of the house,

20:12        [hb5]    我們整天勞苦受熱、那後來的只做了一小時、你竟叫他們和我們一樣麼

     [kjv]         Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and heat of the day.

     [bbe]       Saying, These last have done only one hour's work, and you have made them equal to us, who have undergone the hard work of the day and the burning heat.

20:13        [hb5]       家主回答其中的一人說、朋友、我不虧負你.你與我講定的、不是一錢銀子麼

     [kjv]         But he answered one of them, and said, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny?

     [bbe]       But he in answer said to one of them, Friend, I do you no wrong: did you not make an agreement with me for a penny?

20:14        [hb5]       拿你的走罷.我給那後來的和給你一樣、這是我願意的。

     [kjv]         Take that thine is, and go thy way: I will give unto this last, even as unto thee.

     [bbe]       Take what is yours, and go away; it is my pleasure to give to this last, even as to you.

20:15        [hb5]       我的東西難道不可隨我的意思用麼.因為我作好人、你就紅了眼麼。

     [kjv]         Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?

     [bbe]       Have I not the right to do as seems good to me in my house? or is your eye evil, because I am good?

http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&version=kjv&version=bbe&book=mat&chapter=20

         為什麼老是以《聖經》的內容作為材料?不是專門為了討好讀到此文的基督徒朋友們,而是作為學習禪修的過程,基督《聖經》的內容和佛經有許多相近的地方,說法不同,道理卻無異,不一樣的「說法」是給不同性類的友情去了解;始終的「道理」是百川匯海流,個別心中好像大有不同的並無分別。所以,現今歐英美澳等地,有很多天主教、基督教和佛教的團體共同一起研習禪修,交流經驗,除非你把自己束縛在自己或一群人認為是「唯我獨尊」的圈子裡而自我陶醉,否則在沒有任何藩籬的自由思想中,必定會令我們的智慧精神領域得到不斷的邁進及解放。況且我們每一個人在生命旅途中,一概都不能避免,同樣要經歷為生存而掙扎的煩惱問題,不因你信奉什麼宗教而減少,而且,作為能了解同理心的每一個人,還是可以用同樣的方法,找到這等問題所帶來苦厄的大部分岀口”(暫且的解救方式)

 曾在一個中東蘇菲教的書籍裡讀到另一個寓言故事,小販在一個墟市攤檔擺賣飾物,有一個顧客到來問價,檔主開價要二十個銀幣,客人不斷以價還價,結果飾物得以八個銀幣成交。在旁的另一位顧客,從袋裡掏出八個銀幣,向檔主表示也要購買一個同樣的飾物,不過,檔主卻對新來的客人說,八個銀幣一件飾物的成交價,是先前一位顧客用他的口才討到的價,如果你想購另一個,需要從開始的二十個銀幣再來討過價!你想結果怎樣?新來討價的顧客,任憑他怎樣的討價,也沒有辨法用八個銀幣完成那個交易。

 想到另外一個本地發生的例子,茶餐店標價每客午餐$40,需要加「愛心感受」,別加$2!那後來加上去的$2「愛心感受」,究竟是什麼?如果你是其中一位顧客,要麼?

 讀了以上三則寓言故事後,有什麼令人啟發的地方?我們每天所遇到的事情,是不是好像和這三則故事很相似。例如在街頭買了一件十元的貨品,行至街中間另一家店,那件貨品標價八元,再行至街尾,居然七元有售,去到那巷口的一家店,自己經已氣得不敢再去看價!或許自己安慰自己,認為是不同的貨色?昨天在衣店買回一件新衣,今天該衣店同樣的貨品減售八折,如何感受?諸如這些,都可以不以埋怨的心態,料理一下自己為什麼不多考慮,如果知道身邊有品學兼優或人才出眾的朋友,英年忽罹絕症或意外早逝,又可以怪誰的戲弄?深思諸如此類的問題,或許世間經驗和知識可以有多少幫助,但那種「伶俐」不能令人放心,心老是偏執著伶俐中的自我聰敏,於是立於對立的繃緊而不自知。對於世間凡凡種種的「分別」事,必須用到智慧而非知識經驗所帶來的負面深藏作用。其一是臣服於上帝()的信仰,從祂為「絕對」權威及「大能」的自我心理庇蔭下,摒棄世間的諸多不平分別,並且得到此生完結更往「天堂」的世間暫且安樂。二是向諸佛學習更易俗世自心的「緣起法」,實在毋須去把目標放在正覺成佛那麼高調,目前從生命「分別」的苦惱中得到一分解脫,比起明天給你作皇帝或有朝能成阿羅漢等,不知現實了多少!反過來說,如果只是一直游說自己說,三大阿僧祇便可成就什麼什麼,而眼前當下所受的苦卻完全無從解決,那麼只有一句,以前從叔父前輩口中所聽過的俗語形容得最貼切:「食砒霜㢌屎杜塘魚(下砒霜期望稍後在魚塘邊大便入水中便能殺死塘中的魚並取之作餸) 」。

 要換轉一個角度去看待上段所描述的「砒霜」,如果你自己不嘗試服下,你怎能夠親自證得那砒霜」有「毒」?我是把砒霜」的「毒」放在心理而非物質的方面去談論,你必須服下砒霜」!但要「知道」,先「知道」或後才「知」也沒所謂,總要「知道」!為什麼知道兩個字要用上「知道」?因為絕大部分的俗人 「知道」,需知道「知道」與否,其結果完全不同,若然知道物質的砒霜有毒但可能養顏,當自己的目的為養顏的時候,會小心翼翼地逐少份量去服食。同理,如果把物質的砒霜比喻為心理的「分別」性,當我們要利用它作為生活和學習的目標上,我們不單不要把「分別」的執著視為敵人,還要好好地對待及善用每一次的「分別」才是。

 用最簡易的方式去描述實踐,我們要去開解消融的(千萬勿對抗,一旦把它作為對抗的對象,它會在你不知不覺或稍為大意時反過來反噬**),並不是前台的「分別比較」執著,而是幕後的無明愛厭,而且,對待深層無明愛厭的態度,可不是一朝一夕能解決的,不要視它們為敵人,反轉過來用善看待,不用處心積慮的一定要擺脫,以今生與之為伴侶、生生世世也為至親的心態,相互「勸說撫慰」,時而自己去遷就無明、時而愛厭遷就我,但自己要把握一點點可能的機會,當「分別比較」的執著稍為不那麼 (堅執) 的時候,不去理會它從內心的暗示,要十分細微地、不分別的去觀察**,逐少逐少並且迂迴探索,令它有比較多一點機會不那麼堅持,有時它好像知道你的意圖?那麼你又轉而隨順一下它的主意,但由始至終,你要保持「知道」(覺察著它們)!又再次再次地尋找能夠令「分別比較」的執著稍為不那麼 堅梗” ” (堅執) 的機會,一直如此反複地摸索,在過程中進進退退,有時以退為進,有時任由它去,任由它累,但無論如何,總不放過必定要「知道」,不愁能否達成目的,老是想著急於收效的人,倒是很難有進展,不去多考慮能否達成也是重要心理策畧之一,那麼你在生活與修學並行的當下,不會覺得厭煩倦累。最緊要的法門是「知道」(覺察它們的生滅)!而不必責怪任何不能自知的心(因為你一旦知道自己不自知的時候,即已「知道」。

 **當人試著要引導向於放掉執取時,他將遭受內在強而有力抵抗因為,心不想放棄它已經執取的所緣長久以來,心習慣於取得、緊抓與執取,要打破這些習慣,似乎不能單靠意志的作用。人們或許贊同離欲的需要,想將執取拋開,但當這種呼喚真出現時,內反而會退縮而持續朝往欲望掌控的方向。

 因此如何斷除欲望枷鎖的問題出現了。佛陀並未提供壓抑的方法 ──讓心充滿恐怖和厭惡以驅走欲望 ──來解決問題。壓抑但不能解決問題,反將問題推入表層下,而在表層之下,問題仍繼續滋生。佛陀所提供的工具是了解真正的並非強迫自己放棄內心珍愛的事,而是改變我們對珍愛事物的觀點,如此,這些欲望再束縛我們。當了解欲望本質我們以敏銳的專注密切地探究,不須搏鬥,欲望自己就會消失

 **修習比較像是去造作,而是更接近於如何去思考、判斷、連結、計劃、想像或冀望因為我們的」,都是干涉習慣模式,是為了讓心操縱經驗,並試圖確立其統馭地位的方法正是要藉著單純的察覺,以解開這些「所纏繞的結除了覺知之外,什麼也做,它看著每一個經驗生起、持續消逝

 摘錄自  八聖道 The Noble Eightfold Path,菩提長老(Bhikkhu BodhiOriginated from

http://kusala.online-dhamma.net/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/%E5%8D%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%20Theravada%20Buddhism%20E-Library/034%20%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%E3%80%81%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93-The+Noble+Eightfold+Path.pdf

 http://www.gaya.org.tw/publisher/fasan/The%20Noble%20Eightfold%20Path/The%20Noble%20Eightfold%20Path.pdf

        世事總會是參差不齊,凡事求公平的只是一廂情願的觀念,天地日月星辰自有它們的公平規律而非在人間,一旦墮入在千般參差中強求表象的平等,必會自尋煩惱。何不調整自己的心態,逐漸離開諸多比較的深淵,讓自己坐在清風送爽的岸邊,欣賞著波浪起伏和驚濤拍岸而衣角無霑的閑靜平和。作為平凡之人,那樣的做作,毋須強迫自己正如往昔賢聖之優雅,那只是文字上的恭維修飾。能夠在自心中自「知」,並實踐出當下從可以比較放下諸事「分別」煩惱的世間事實,無論信奉「上帝」或修習「緣起」,皆是相當令人鼓舞之途。

        嘗試自己做好自己的本份,不要把眼睛老是向著他人的際遇而比較,那麼人生的煩惱也會脫落了一大半,生活變得更安樂而滿足。凡事比較分別,是煩惱的主要來源!對事情「知道」而不多比較是直接減少煩惱的方法,愈少比較人就愈輕鬆!說易也易,說難者難。

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